Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the bladder.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, saline, aseptic due to venous stagnation in the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis and radiation cystitis.This disease definitely needs treatment to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis, as a complication of cystitis.
The clinic's specialists know how to diagnose cystitis at an early stage.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and maintain your health.
Cystitis classification
In most cases, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder occurs due to an infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are incorrect or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In a chronic course, cystitis manifests itself as relapses: symptoms appear at the slightest weakening of the body and disappear indefinitely.
Urologists also distinguish:
- Infectious cystitis.Most of the time, cystitis occurs due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).It could also be other infections that have entered the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any injuries during medical and surgical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.It occurs due to excessive use of personal hygiene products and the use of powerful drugs.Additionally, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients undergoing cancer radiation or chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is a primary lesion of the bladder and the manifestation of symptoms associated with damage to the bladder;Secondary cystitis is associated with secondary damage caused by bacteria from the kidneys or changes in nearby organs and tissues.Often, in women with symptoms of cystitis, a clinically latent kidney infection is detected.In this case we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, inflammation of the bladder can be the first manifestation of any urological disease or complicate its course.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent and unproductive need to urinate;
- burning and stinging at the end of urination;
- feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- cloudy, foamy urine mixed with mucus;
- unpleasant, pungent smell of urine;
- Pain in the urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms occur, consult a specialist.Professional urologists will carry out a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.
Why does cystitis occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms of a bacterial, viral and parasitic nature.Most often, the causative agent of the disease is opportunistic intestinal microflora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.The entry of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, decreased immunity due to fatigue or illness and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to a violation of the ratio of opportunistic flora with lactobacteria and bifidobacteria.
Often, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder.Due to some similar symptoms, when self-medicating, you may choose the wrong therapy, which will only temporarily eliminate the symptoms, but will not eliminate the root cause.That is why doctors recommend seeking qualified help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for a woman is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the entry of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.An examination of both partners is required, consultation with a gynecologist and urologist and a decision on the need for surgical treatment or correction of the soft tissues of the perineum with hyaluronic acid preparations.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can occur against the background of chronic neuropsychic stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The aggressive action of the metabolites of certain drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the mucosal wall of the bladder, can also trigger the appearance of the symptoms of the disease.
Predisposing factors for the development of cystitis in women:
- congenital anomalies (urethral cysts, narrowing of the urethra);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- antibiotic therapy and incorrectly selected hormonal therapy;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- non-compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diagnosis of the disease.
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is recommended to consult a urologist.The clinic employs male and female urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At the first appointment, the doctor will carefully examine your medical history, listen to your complaints and ask questions about previous diseases of the genitourinary system.
In clinics, to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious diseases of the bladder (cancer, tuberculosis), instrumental and laboratory research methods are carried out, in accordance with modern clinical recommendations of urology.Your doctor may suggest the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- bacteriological urine examination;
- Urine PCR for intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI with contrast;
- cystoscopy;
- urodynamic study (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.Very often in urology a cystoscope is used for diagnostic purposes.Urethrocystoscopy is a high-precision endoscopic examination of the genitourinary tract, which allows a diagnosis of cystitis to be established.Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, also provide detailed information about the condition of the urinary system.
Cystitis in women is usually associated with gynecological diseases such as colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.At older ages, female cystitis is associated with menopause.Taking this into account, the urologist may refer the woman for a consultation with a gynecologist.
The extent of the diagnosis depends on the patient's symptoms, comorbidities, and medical history.Don't refuse to get tested.To make a correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is important for the doctor to establish the root cause of the disease.
In the medical center, all studies are carried out using modern, high-tech equipment of expert level.Experienced specialists will help diagnose the disease at an early and asymptomatic stage in order to provide quality treatment in a timely manner.
Cystitis treatment
Treatment of cystitis, the symptoms of which can be mild or severe, is not recommended without consulting an experienced urologist.
For cystitis, a complex treatment is indicated that will not only eliminate the pathogen and relieve the inflammatory process, but also preserve local immunity.As a rule, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.It is extremely important to follow all doctor's instructions and complete therapy.After prescribing medication, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease has been eliminated.Only complete treatment can guarantee that the disease does not progress to the chronic phase.
Control studies based on treatment results should be performed within one week after completing treatment;Its volume is determined by the doctor in each individual case.
Self-medication can lead to chronicization of the inflammatory process, aggravation of the condition and the involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.The uncontrolled use of antibiotic therapies and other medications without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If the treatment is incorrect or you are in an advanced stage of chronic cystitis, the following complications are possible:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- crystalgia.
Physiotherapy for cystitis.
In the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women, physiotherapy has proven particularly effective as an auxiliary treatment.Physiotherapy helps improve blood flow, stimulate microcirculation and normalize venous flow.The procedures reinforce the effect of drug treatment and help prevent cystitis.The doctor may recommend:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetic therapy;
- Ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy treatments can be completed in a specialist clinic under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Advantages of treating cystitis in a modern clinic.
- Specialists will carry out a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe comprehensive treatment.
- Tests, treatments, rehabilitation - everything can be obtained in one clinic.
- The clinic offers effective physiotherapy for quick rehabilitation after treatment.
Cystitis prevention
Urologists recommend that women undergo an annual preventive examination with a gynecologist and a urologist and undergo testing.This will allow you to timely determine the presence of inflammation in the body and prescribe treatment.Most often, diseases of the genitourinary system "painless" and are asymptomatic.
Additionally, to prevent cystitis in women it is recommended:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraceptives;
- observe the rules of personal hygiene;
- be sure to rinse the external genitals with running water before and after sexual intercourse;
- avoid traumatic sexual positions that can damage the urethra;
- wear loose-fitting underwear that does not interfere with blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- quickly treat any disease of the genitourinary system.