This is an unpleasant disease that women are more likely to suffer from. Cystitis appears due to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, which occurs against the background of a bacterial infection.
A urological disease can become chronic without treatment and lead to changes in the bladder tissue, leading to the development of serious diseases.
Causes of cystitis
The causes of cystitis can also be a decrease in general immunity, chronic stress, the onset of sexual activity, narrowing of the urethra, hypothermia, stagnation of urine in the bladder (the habit of holding out until end), unbalanced nutrition, hormonal disorders , pregnancy, childbirth, operations on the organs of the urinary system.
Another reason is medication. The causes of cystitis can also be a decrease in general immunity, chronic stress, the onset of sexual activity, narrowing of the urethra, hypothermia, stagnation of urine in the bladder (the habit of holding out until end), unbalanced nutrition, hormonal disorders , pregnancy, childbirth, operations on the organs of the urinary system.
Inflammation in the bladder can also cause the body to react to certain allergens. In women, cystitis is more common. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the female sexual structure. The urethra is near the entrance to the vagina and anus. Therefore, it is very important to constantly monitor the quality of intimate hygiene.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent urination - during the process of urination, pain and burning in the urethra may appear, as well as a feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestine.
- pain in the lower abdomen - there is a feeling of overcrowding of the bladder. And also a sign of cystitis is itching and burning in the perineum. In some cases, patients do not attach importance to pain and discomfort if they are not too pronounced. This can lead to chronic diseases and complications.
- the appearance in the urine of pathological impurities (mucus, blood, pus) - the color of urine can be from pale pink to brick. The presence of impurities indicates the presence of a virus in the human body. With the development of cystitis, a sharp pain in the urethra may appear.
How does cystitis manifest during pregnancy?
During the period of bearing a child, the protective functions of the immune system decrease in a woman. Therefore, getting into the body, a pathological organism provokes a much faster inflammatory process.
The development of cystitis is facilitated by the peculiarities of female physiology. The shorter and wider shape of the urethra, its proximity to the vagina and intestines, contribute to the rapid transmission of infections from neighboring organs.
With this disease, the walls of the bladder become inflamed, which leads to a violation of its functions. The symptoms of cystitis are quite specific, they are difficult to confuse with other pathologies. A woman may experience pain with frequent urination, blood in the urine, and a fever.
First of all, a woman should visit a urologist. He will prescribe the necessary tests and examinations and advise you to undergo further consultation with a gynecologist. This allows you to exclude the presence of infections in the genital area, which can lead to bacterial vaginosis, colitis, thrush.
How to treat cystitis in pregnant women? Diet, immunity and hormonal status are corrected, blood circulation is improved. Then it is necessary to start the fight against pathogens (E. coli, Candida fungi, STIs, viruses), restore the damaged structure of the bladder.
cystitis in children
Given the fundamental anatomic differences between the sexes, cystitis occurs in girls almost 4 to 10 times more often than in boys of the opposite sex.
Signs of pathology in children are varied. There are pains when urinating, in the urethral canal, in the lower abdomen or on the side. In addition, the number of urinations may increase, as well as urinary incontinence and leaks that have not been observed before.
Children show capriciousness, which increases during urination, bowel movements. At the same time, appetite is disturbed, anxiety appears if it is necessary to sit on the urinal for fear of pain, burning, pain. Intoxication of the body occurs, which is manifested by increased body temperature, chills.
The clinical manifestations vary with the age of the child. In young children systemic symptoms predominate. In addition, children at a young age are not always able to indicate what is troubling them. In older children, signs of intoxication are no longer observed, urination disorders and pain syndrome stand out here.
types of cystitis
There are several classifications of pathology: depending on the course, type of inflammation, causes. We will dwell in more detail on the classification according to the course of the disease.
- Acute cystitisappears a few hours after exposure to the body of a harmful factor. It has pronounced symptoms of the inflammatory process with a tendency to progression. If acute cystitis is not treated or the wrong therapy is used, there is a high probability of developing a chronic form.
- subacute cystitishas a blurred clinical picture. Symptoms are mild or absent. It may be accompanied only by pain and urination disorders, while symptoms of intoxication of the body (fever, aches, chills) are not observed.
- chronic cystitisIt occurs due to untreated acute cystitis. It is characterized by a slow course, symptoms are not expressed, and sometimes it is completely asymptomatic. In other words, the factor that triggers the inflammation in the bladder persists without revealing itself, but at some point there is a strong recrudescence with all the consequences that follow: frequent and painful urination, burning, itching, cloudy urine, general malaise, etc.
Diagnosis of pathology
A urologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis. Only a specialist knows how to properly treat this disease in order to avoid chronic inflammation and not harm health.
You can go for an examination and diagnosis at the nearest clinic. However, this takes time, as you have to wait 2-3 weeks for an appointment with a doctor. But in the presence of acute or subacute cystitis, time is the most valuable resource. Therefore, the best option is to go to a specialized medical clinic. Here you can sign up for an exam and see a professional doctor in the near future.
The urologist will determine her general health, ask about past illnesses, how often she urinates, and what medications she takes. Next, the specialist probes the area of the abdomen and kidneys, lumbar area.
Cystitis in men: look and feel the genitals. Examines the prostate gland - rectally.
Cystitis in women - assesses the state of the mucosa, female genital organs, probes the bladder and ureters.
The following tests may be necessary for diagnosis:
- general urinalysis
- urinalysis according to Nechiporenko
- bacteriological examination of urine
- cystoscopy
- Ultrasound of the bladder and abdominal organs, including the kidneys.
How is cystitis treated?
After a repeated appointment with the urologist and a diagnosis, the specialist will prescribe an individual treatment program, which includes medications for cystitis. It depends on the disease itself and the degree of its course.
In the treatment of cystitis, the following principles should be observed:
- bed or semi-bed rest for the entire period of acute symptoms of the disease.
- medical food. The diet for cystitis should be lacto-vegetarian, that is, the patient's daily diet should be dominated by dairy, vegetables and fruits. Fried, spicy, salty and spicy dishes, as well as alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited.
- antibiotic therapy. Inflammatory processes can be treated with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Antibiotics for cystitis are prescribed first with a broad spectrum of action and after receiving the result of urine culture and antibiogram. An antimicrobial drug is used, to which the causative agent of cystitis is sensitive.
- pain therapy. With severe pain in the bladder, patients are prescribed analgesics and antispasmodics.
- physiotherapy treatment (electrophoresis, phonophoresis, inductothermy, UHF and others).
We recommend that you do not self-medicate in any case, but consult a urologist in such a delicate matter. Make an appointment with a urologist and rest assured that your problems will remain outside the walls of the clinic.